A short timeline of development & extinction | T |
Time relative to start of the universe | |
'10E-32s : End of the inflation period | |
'10E-6s : Formation of protons | |
'3s : Formation of basic elements | |
'100s : Formation of deuterium,helium | |
'10.000Y : Radiation era | |
'300.000 : Matter domination era | |
'100.000.000 : Formation of stars | |
'300.000.000:Formation of stars,galaxies & our galaxy | |
'500.000.000 : Earliest known galaxy | |
'4.000.000.000 : Peak of star formation | |
Time relative to now (before present) | |
'-4.600.000.000Y : Birth of the sun and earth | |
'-4.500.000.000 : Formation of the moon | |
'-4.500.000.000 : Start of Hadean Greenhouse (Hot) | |
'-4.250.00.000 : Water | |
'-3.800.000.000 : Start of Archean Icehouse (Cold) | |
'-3.700.000.000 : Bacteria ,procaryotes(no nucleus,free DNA), archae | |
'-3.000.000.000 : Photosynthesis bacteria, viruses | |
'-2.900.000 : Start of Pongola Ice age | |
'-2.780.000 : End of Pongola Ice age | |
'-2.500.000.000 : Start of Proterozoic Greenhouse (Hot) | |
'-2.400.000.000 : Great oxidation event Bacteria produce oxygen Decline in methane producing bacteria | |
'-2.300.00.0000 : First snowball Earth Due to lack of volcanic activity | |
'-2.400.000 : Start of Huron Ice age | |
'-2.200.000.000 : Single-celled life, eukaryotes(DNA in nucleus,organelles) | |
'-2.100.000 : End of Huron Ice age | |
'-1.200.000.000 : Eukaryotes split into plants,animals,fungi | |
'-900.000.000: Multi-cellular life | |
'-800.000.000 : Multi-cellular split into sponges and non-sponges | |
'-770.000.000 : Snowball earth (global glaciation) | |
'-715.000 : Start of Cryogenian Ice age | |
'-635.000 : End of Cryogenian Ice age | |
'-600.000.000 : Formation of the ozone layer | |
-540.000.000 : Start of the Phanero Icehouse (Cold) | |
-540.000.000 : Start of the Paleozoic period | |
-540.000.000 : Chordates(backbone) | |
-530.000.000 : Trilobite fossils | |
'-500.000.000 : Fish & animals exploring land | |
'-460.000.000 : Plants colonizing the land | |
'-450.000.000 : Ordovician–Silurian extinction events(1) 75% kill rate Due to new plants removed all oxygen of water | |
'-400.000.000 : Tetra-pods (four-legged animals) | |
'-370.000.000 : Late Devonian extinction(2) | |
'-320.000.000 : Pelycosaurs, dimetrodon | |
'-250.000.000 : Permian-Triassic extinction (3) The great dying of marine life 96% kill rate Due to impact event | |
'-250.000.000 : Start of Mesozoic period | |
'-225.000.000 : Dinosaurs and mammals, sauropsids, ammonites | |
'-205.000.000:Triassic-Jurasic Massive Extinction(4) Due to massive floods of lava and volcanic eruption | |
'-200.000.000 : Extinction of terrestrial vertebrates and amphibians | |
'-200.000.000 : Dinosaurs & warm-blooded animals survive and take over | |
'-160.000.000 : Stegosaurus, pterodactyloid, archaeoptery | |
'-140.000.000 : Placental animals, marsupials | |
'-130.000.000 : Flowering plants | |
'-100.000.000 : First bees, maximum number dinosaurs | |
'-90.000.000 : 27% marine life dies Due to underwater volcanic eruption & lack of oxygen | |
'-70.000.000 :First Tyrannosaurus, grasses | |
'-66.000.000 : Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event(5) All dinosaurs except birds die due to meteor impact It clears way to mammals | |
'-66.000.000: Start of Ceno period | |
'-60.000.000 : Primates | |
'-55.000.000 : Paleocene-eocene extinction (Hot) High temperatures due to rise in greenhouse gases | |
'-50.000.000 : Whales, dolphins | |
'-40.000.000 : Pre-primates | |
'-25.000.000 : Apes | |
'-18.000.000 : Gibbons | |
'-15.000.000 : Mammoth | |
'-14.000.000 : Orangutans | |
'-7.000.000 : Gorillas | |
'-6.500.000 : Chimpanzees | |
'-3.500.000 : Australopithecus (size:1.4m) | |
'-2.580.000.000 : Start of Quaternary period | |
'-2.000.000: Homo habilis (used stone tools) | |
'-1.600.000 : Homo eragaster & homo erectus (use of fire) | |
'-450.000 : Start of Andean-Saharan Ice age | |
'-420.000 : End of Andenan-Saharan Ice age | |
'-400.000 : Homo heidelbergensis (size:1m75) (used spears as tools) | |
'-360.000 : Start of Karoo Ice age | |
'-300.000 : Neanderthaler (size 1m60) (also in Belgium) (made art) (bowed forehead) | |
'-350.000 : Homo sapiens (North Africa &Ethiopia) (steep vertical forehead) | |
'-260.000 : End of Karoo Ice age | |
'-140.000 : End penultimate glacial period Start of last warm period | |
'-125.000 : Last warm period ice minima | |
'-60.000:Start of last glacial period | |
'-55.000 : Fast climate change from extreme cold to mild cold to extreme cold | |
'-50.000: Gracile anatomically modern humans Smaller and fine boned skeleton | |
'-40.000 : Neanderthaler extinct | |
'-34.000 : Start of Cenozoic Ice age | |
'-24.000 : Last Glacial Maxima i.e. largest ice sheets | |
'-12.000:End of last glacial period Start of modern climate | |
'-10.000 : Quarternary extinction event Due to overkill by humans & natural climate change Extinction of saber-toothed cats, mammoths, mastodons, glyptodonts | |
Julian calendar time | |
'-1.100 : Warm | |
'+0 : Start of time calculation | |
'+1600 : Cold , known as little ice age | |
Now: 13.800.000.000Y since start of the universe | |
'+5.000.000.000 : The sun becomes a red giant | |
The sun becomes a planetary nebula | |
Sun the sun becomes a white dwarf | |
Sun the sun becomes a black dwarf | |
'+1.000.000.000.000.000 : The sun is invisible | |
T: Legend | |
Black : “Very cold ice age glacial period” | |
Blue : “Cold ice age interglacial period” | |
Green : “Warm greenhouse earth” | |
Orange : “Extinction” | |
© Alain De Vos | |